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Pvc Bubble
Melded Plastic and Paper Keeps Juice Fresh
Copyright (c) 2010 Nadine Davis
There is very little today that a modern citizen doesn't touch or handle in some way that is not a product of plastic manufacturers. In a clever and complicated process, which can be readily adapted to all kinds of variations, PVC plastic has transformed our world.
Plastics extrusion is highly automated, and operates continuously without much in the way of human intervention. This has driven the cost of production down to the levels we see today, making plastic a very inexpensive material.
The process can best be described as forcing molten plastic under pressure through a die to produce a specific product. The range of products varies from short items cut to length such as piping or tubing, through to continuous plastic sheeting.
Plastic granules or resins are gravity-fed into a hopper connected to a screw drive with a dual purpose - to mix the plastic if more than one type is being used, and to melt the plastic as it makes its way through the screw drive.
The following are just a few of the many different types of plastics extrusion, with a brief explanation of the manufacturing process for each one:
Standard Plastic Extrusion:
The liquid plastic is screened through a filter to remove any particles, then forced through the die and into a cooling bath before being cut into lengths or rolled into sheets, depending on the product requirement.
Sheet/Film Extrusion:
For plastic sheets or film, the product is pulled through a series of cooling rollers which both cool the plastic and determine the sheet thickness and texture. The liquid packaging industry relies on plastic extrusion to meld plastic to paper and also aluminium foil to create such packaging staples as juice cartons and wine casks.
Blown Film Extrusion:
Blown film extrusion is used to make plastic shopping bags. When the product reaches the die, in this case an upright cylinder of varying dimensions, it is pulled upwards to a height ranging from a few metres up to 20 metres, depending on the amount of cooling it requires. Compressed air is forced into the centre of the extruded material, creating a bubble which is flattened by rollers into a double layer of film.
Tubing Extrusion:
The process is the same until the product reaches the die, which has a pin in the centre to create a hollow cross-section which becomes tubing. This pin is connected to a pressure source to stop the tubing from collapsing when it enters the cooling bath.
Plastic manufacturers use a range of materials in extrusion including polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic, nylon, polystyrene and polycarbonate, among others. The versatility and cost effectives of PVC plastic makes it an essential product material which will continue to evolve as technological advances bring new processes on line.
About the Author
A pin placed in the centre of a die forms a hollow cross section which becomes
PVC Plastic
tubing, a staple product of
Plastic Manufacturers
and always in demand, especially for the building industry. See Pacific Plastics for more info.
Is this odd cichlid behavior?!?!?
So I've had 3 convict cichlids since they were babies and put them into t new 30 gallon the other day. So today I bought a male firemouth.and brought him home. One of the convicts doesn't like him but the other two (male and female,the untolerant one is a diff male) accept him very much. The FM is just sitting in the bubble curtain right now but anyways the famale was bringing food to him when I fed them when I released him from the bag and the larger male protects hIm from the other male. I put 4 pieces of PVC for the FM to find shelter and a hiding spot from the convict. How Long will it take for the FM to
1.get used to the tank and find a hiding spot
2.toughen up, eat,and fight the convict back
and one more thing. Can a fire mouth breed with a convict?
If you have any oher tips for firemouths please leave them here in your answer.
PS don't say I'm over stocked because I'm not and theyAre fine. Alli need is what I asked
And by the way I also need a name
You may think you're not overstocked, but the fish may disagree with you.
Firemouths are not very aggressive, and not likely to fight back very much. It's far more likely that when you get breeding behavior by the pair of convicts, they will either kill him outright, or keep him pushed to a corner and starve him out.
Not a good mix, IMO. You'd have been better going with a larger, boisterous schooling fish, like tiger barbs or giant danios.
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